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Cervantes Don Quixote Essay Example For Students

Cervantes Don Quixote Essay Cervantes most prominent work, Don Quixote, is a remarkable book ofmultiple measurements. From the snapshot of its appearance ithas delighted perusers or made them think, and itsinfluence has stretched out in writing not exclusively to works ofsecondary esteem yet in addition to those which have universalimportance. Wear Quixote is a nation respectable man, anenthusiastic visionary crazed by his perusing of sentiments ofchivalry, who rides forward to protect the mistreated and toright wrongs; so clearly was he introduced by Cervantes thatmany dialects have obtained the name of the legend as thecommon term to assign an individual enlivened by grandiose andimpractical standards. The subject of the book, to sum things up, concerns Hidalgo AlonsoQuijano, who, on account of his perusing in books aboutchivalry, comes to accept that all that they state is trueand chooses to turn into a knight-errant himself. He assumesthe name of Don Quixote de la Mancha and, accompaniedby a worker, Sancho Panza, who serves him as a squire,sets forward looking for experiences. Wear Quixote interpretsall that he experiences as per his readings andthus envisions himself to be living in a world very differentfrom the one natural to the conventional men he meets. Windmills are along these lines changed into monsters, and thisillusion, along with numerous others, is the reason for thebeatings and misfortunes endured by the courageous legend. After the knights second sally looking for adventure,friends and neighbors in his town choose to drive him toforget his wild extravagant and to reintegrate himself into hisformer life. The knight demands following his calling,but toward the finish of the initial segment of the book they make himreturn to his home by methods for a guileful trick. In thesecond part the hidalgo leaves for the third time andalternately gives sign of habit and of shrewdness in adazzling exhibit of masterful innovations. Be that as it may, presently even hisenemies compel him to relinquish his undertakings. Wear Quixotefinally perceives that sentiments of gallantry are minor lyinginventions, yet after recuperating the clearness of his brain, heloses his life. The possibility that Don Quixote is an image of the noblestgenerosity, devoted to the motivation behind doing gooddisinterestedly, recommends the ethical regular denominatorto be found in Cervantes creation. Be that as it may, also tofurnishing an ethical sort fit for being perceived andaccepted as an image of qualities in whenever or place, DonQuixote is a gem with the same number of viewpoints and reflectionsas it has perusers to look for them. Contemplations of generalmorality in this way become blended with the psychologicaland stylish experience of every individual peruser in a waythat inconceivably invigorated the advancement of the scholarly genrelater known as the novel, and Fielding, Dickens, Flaubert,Stendhal, Dostoyevsky, and numerous others have consequently beeninspired by Cervantes. In Madame Bovary, is GustaveFlaubert, for instance, the courageous woman changes the orientationof her life since she, similar to Don Quixote, has perused herromances of gallantry, the senti mental books of the nineteenthcentury. Cervantes showed toward the Western world how poetryand dream could exist together with the experience of realitywhich is distinguishable to the faculties. He did this bypresenting wonderful reality, which recently had beenconfined to the perfect area of dream, as somethingexperienced by a genuine individual, and the fantasy in this manner becamethe truth of any man living his fantasy. In this way, thetrivial certainty that a poor hidalgo loses his explanation behind one causeor another is of little significance. The development is thatDon Quixotes franticness is changed over into the topic of hislife and into a subject for the life of others, who areaffected as much by the frenzy of the hidalgo as is hehimself. Some need him to return to his state of apeaceful and inactive hidalgo; others might want him tokeep on diverting or stunning individuals with his deeds,insane and astute simultaneously. .u8b68f9cf85b5307feb6a764c3e490de2 , .u8b68f9cf85b5307feb6a764c3e490de2 .postImageUrl , .u8b68f9cf85b5307feb6a764c3e490de2 .focused content territory { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .u8b68f9cf85b5307feb6a764c3e490de2 , .u8b68f9cf85b5307feb6a764c3e490de2:hover , .u8b68f9cf85b5307feb6a764c3e490de2:visited , .u8b68f9cf85b5307feb6a764c3e490de2:active { border:0!important; } .u8b68f9cf85b5307feb6a764c3e490de2 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u8b68f9cf85b5307feb6a764c3e490de2 { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; murkiness: 1; progress: obscurity 250ms; webkit-change: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u8b68f9cf85b5307feb6a764c3e490de2:active , .u8b68f9cf85b5307feb6a764c3e490de2:hover { darkness: 1; progress: haziness 250ms; webkit-progress: obscurity 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u8b68f9cf85b5307feb6a764c3e490de2 .focused content zone { width: 100%; position: rel ative; } .u8b68f9cf85b5307feb6a764c3e490de2 .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content adornment: underline; } .u8b68f9cf85b5307feb6a764c3e490de2 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u8b68f9cf85b5307feb6a764c3e490de2 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; fringe span: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: intense; line-stature: 26px; moz-outskirt range: 3px; content adjust: focus; content enrichment: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: total; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8b68f9cf85b5307feb6a764c3e490de2:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u8b68f9cf85b5307 feb6a764c3e490de2 .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u8b68f9cf85b5307feb6a764c3e490de2-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u8b68f9cf85b5307feb6a764c3e490de2:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Chapterhouse Dune EssayBefore Cervantes, writing was, as event offered,fantastic, optimistic, naturalistic, moralistic, or educational. After his time, writing kept on misusing all thesetypes, however with them it was slanted to consolidate, as well,some perusers experience of them. Sentiments of chivalrycould now achieve a hugeness past that of simple booksand could become what individuals felt or thought about them,thus developing to be the extremely unique working of livingpersons. In Don Quixote, for instance, the saint takes themfor the gospel; the minister trusts them to be bogus; theinnkeeper respects the enormous passes up theknights; his girl is taken by the wistful viewpoint

The Test Writing Guide for the Essay

The Test Writing Guide for the EssayThe placement test essay question guide is a great help to high school students who need help with placement test essay questions. Many schools offer essay tests as part of their freshman or sophomore year.The essay is a form of study and will be evaluated on a topic or section of a specific area. Students will be required to write an essay that will discuss an issue, current event, or the current topic. This essay question guide will show you how to use essay writing questions to your advantage.With a few extra minutes in your busy school year, you can prepare for these essays. Here are some tips to help you with the essay writing test. Using this essay writing test guide will not only help you, but your school as well.The first thing you should do is to make sure that your essay is based around a topic or issue. Essays often require some research and a small amount of skill. Use this test writing guide to find out the basics about the topic. Your essay will require some research, and this will be a great help for you.The next step to taking better notes during the essays is to have a look at the essay to see if it fits the pattern or style of writing that you have been doing. Have a look at what types of sentence structure you have been using and which ones work best for you. You may also want to look at your writing style and see if it works for you or if you want to make changes.Always make sure that you are confident about the essay you are trying to write. You should use the essay writing guide to help you discover the way you should write each paragraph, first sentence, and last paragraph. When you are ready to write your essay, make sure that you put each paragraph on paper, start your writing, and complete the sentences correctly.Once you have completed all of the points you were given in the essay question guide, you should get a chance to write some more. You should use the test writing guide to help you write some more. This will help you feel more confident when you do your next essay.By using the tips and guides mentioned above, you will find that you can write an essay very quickly. You will learn how to structure a great essay, how to do the right type of research, and how to make proper use of the structure you already know. Use the correct structure and format and you will find that you can write the best essay possible.

David Humes Views On Natural Religion - 2294 Words

In Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion, David Hume challenges the existence of God by presenting three different arguments from the perspectives of three philosophers. First is that of the fideist, Demea, who presents the weakest argument. The reader is quickly aware that this perspective is the least believable according to Hume. Although Hume quickly dismisses the idea of faith as a basis for the existence of God, he uses faith as a wedge in the attempt to break apart the argument of for intelligent design presented by the second character Cleanthes. A majority of the Dialogues is dedicated to this cause, as the strongest argument is from the perspective of intelligent design. The third character, Philo, is the skeptic wielding the pickaxe, and believed to be the voice of Hume, has the most difficult time dismantling this concept. By the end of the dialogue, it is unclear as to the true position that Hume is taking concerning natural theology. It is my understanding that H ume would accept the existence of God through the perspective of natural theology, if it were not deterred by the misuse of a Deity through organized religion as a means to control the masses. Because of this misuse, it is understandable why Hume remained a skeptic (at least publically) for the duration of his life (Craig 486-512). As we begin the Dialogues, Demea is complimenting Cleanthes on the education of his young student, Pamphilus. I find the compliment disingenuous. I believe it servesShow MoreRelatedHumes Ethics1047 Words   |  5 PagesHume’s Ethics Contents 1. Introduction 2. Hume’s ethics as an emotive theory of ethics 3. Conclusion 4. Bibliography David Hume is an outstanding Scottish philosopher of the 18th century whose views has a significant impact on the following generations of thinkers throughout the world. His sceptical arguments concerning induction, causation and especially religion, including his famous thesis that human knowledge arises only from sense experience and not from rational judgments, shaped theRead MoreEssay on An Analysis of Humes Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion4493 Words   |  18 PagesAn Analysis of Humes Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion ABSTRACT: Humes Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion (1779) may be read in the way Cleanthes (and Philo as well) reads Nature, as analogous to human artifice and contrivance. The Dialogues and Nature then are both texts, with an intelligent author or Author, and analogies may be started from these five facts of Humes text: the independence of Humes characters; the non-straightforwardness of the characters discourse; the way theRead MoreBy Definition Miracles Do Not Occur Essay1398 Words   |  6 PagesBy Definition Miracles Do Not Occur Even in this modern age, belief in the miraculous is widespread and is a feature of many world religions, including the Christian faith where miracles have played a significant role. It is important attempt to define what a miracle is, as this in itself is a source for debate. Today the term ‘miracle’ in many different ways and the idea is open to many interpretations. A miracle can be defined in a number of ways, firstly asRead MoreWilliam Paley And David Hume1260 Words   |  6 PagesAristotle. This discussion will focus on the differing works of authors William Paley and David Hume and I will argue that there is an Intelligent Designer for our universe. William Paley believes in the existence of God and that through his watchmaker analogy in â€Å"Natural Theology† he can prove that there is an Intelligent Designer. David Hume addresses William Paley’s argument in â€Å"Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion† and argues Paley’s analogy is weak since Hume believes we cannot analogize earthlyRead MoreDavid Humes Anti Miracle Belief Essay1577 Words   |  7 Pagescenturies. The great empiricist philosopher David Hume was one of the first to present an analysis of miracles that tried to explain why they are created (by human beings themselves, in Hume’s opinion) and why people are so ready to believe in them. This is an important field of study, as with greater knowledge of the character of physical law, one finds more and more (rather than less) accounts of miracles being touted as exceptions to natural laws. Hume’s ideas on the matter are extremely illuminatingRead MoreDavid Hume Essay1210 Words   |  5 PagesDavid Hume Hume, David, 1711-76, Scottish philosopher and historian. Hume carried the empiricism of John Locke and George Berkeley to the logical extreme of radical skepticism. He repudiated the possibility of certain knowledge, finding in the mind nothing but a series of sensations, and held that cause-and-effect in the natural world derives solely from the conjunction ofRead MoreDavid Humes Theory of Ethics Essay1675 Words   |  7 PagesDavid Hume is considered to be one of the big three British empiricists, along with Hobbes and Locke, and lived near the end of the Enlightenment. The Catholic Church was losing its control over science, politics and philosophy and the Aristotelian world view was being swallowed up by a more mechanistic viewpoint. Galileo found the theory provided by Copernicus to be correct, that our earth was not the center of everything, but the celestial bodies including the earth circled the sun. MathematiciansRead MoreDavid Humes Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion Essay1524 Words   |  7 PagesDavid Hume’s Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion provide conflicting arguments about the nature of the universe, what humans can know about it, and how their knowledge can affect their religious beliefs. The most compelling situation relates to philosophical skepticism and religion ; the empiricist character, Cleanthes, strongly defends his position that skepticism is beneficial to religious belief. Under fire from an agnostic skeptic and a rationalist, the empiricist view on skepticism and religionRead MoreComparing David Hume and Immanuel Kant Essay1356 Words   |  6 PagesComparing David Hume and Immanuel Kant David Hume and Immanuel Kant each made a significant break from other theorists in putting forward a morality that doesn’t require a higher being or god, for a man to recognize his moral duty. Although Hume and Kant shared some basic principals they differed on their view of morality. In comparing the different views on human will and the maxims established to determine moral worth by David Hume and Immanuel Kant, I find their theories on morality have someRead MoreImmanuel Kant And Kant On Morality1097 Words   |  5 Pagesanother, Immanuel Kant and David Hume. Immanuel Kant had many theories throughout his philosophical time. Here are some of his ethical works, Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals (1785), the Critique of Practical Reason (1788), and the Metaphysics of Morals (1797), which contains both â€Å"the Doctrine of Right† and â€Å"the Doctrine of Virtue.† He also had some other works of importance to his moral philosophy including the Critique of the Power of Judgment (1790), Religion within the Boundaries of Mere

The World War I Is War - 1653 Words

World War I is war famous for European nations fighting against themselves. It began to take shape when countries like France and Germany beginning to form their own allies. It all started with the powerful Austria-Hungary wanted to have Serbia as part of their own empire. However a group of Serbian nationalists known as Black Hands dislike the idea. So they wanted to send a message to the Austria-Hungary government by killing Archduke Franz Ferdinand. Gavrilo Princip, member of the Black Hands, shot and killed Franz Ferdinand and his wife Sophie and thus started World War 1. Austria-Hungary soon moved against Serbia but Serbia counter by moving against Austria-Hungary. Then comes with new superpower in Europe Germany. It got involved by†¦show more content†¦So Germany constitute a plan to be in 3 special events to make and force United States to take action and be part in World War 1. The three events that causes the United States to take part into World War I is the sinki ng of Lusitania, Zimmerman Telegraph, and Germany U-subs attacking trade ships on American soil. The sinking of the British passenger ship Lusitania is one out of 3 serious of events of America’s involvement in World War I. Before it happened, Germany is becoming more and more powerful especially technology wise. One of which surprised the British was Germans maximization of the U-Boot since Great Britain is the strongest naval power in all of Europe. In response to this, they would use water mines in the English channel to defend against the Germans. This triggered the Germans to be very aggressive and suspicious. The Germans are suspicious of the United States and Great Britain has weapons on that ship. They would give 3 days of warning to both U.S. and British to turn those weapons in or they will see as enemy threat and therefore blow up the ship. In the first day, U.S. and Britain refuse to say they have any weapons on the ship. And in the 2nd and final day of the warnin g, United States and Britain decided to stand pact and thinking this is just a regular passenger ship. However, Germany did not bluff and they

The Great Leap Forward  Impact and Consequences free essay sample

Instead, the judgment of history paints a far different picture. An irreversible focusing of profound rifts in the Chinese Communist Party and a delirious fabrication of reality led to rapid disintegration of the Leap’s goals, and to what perhaps was the greatest famine in human history. Both the immediate impact and far-reaching consequences of the Great Leap Forward (GLF) influence the current trends and priorities of today’s China, and understanding the nature of these past events is crucial in ascertaining the nature of the present. The Hundred Flowers campaign and the following rectification movement in 1956-1957 left the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) divided and hesitant, sincerely concerned with acute contradictions within itself and among the Chinese people (Domenach 119). At that time, talk of future industrialization and economic growth was timid at best, as stated by Liu Shaoqi’s political report at the Eighth National Congress of the CCP in September 1956: On the basis of actual conditions of our country, the Central Committee has thus defined the Party’s general line in the period of transition: to bring about, step by step, socialist industrialization and to accomplish, step by step, the socialist transformation of agriculture, handicrafts and capitalist industry and commerce over a fairly long period. (Liu 2)   No talk of â€Å"leaps† had emerged yet, and the industrial growth of about 18. percent during the First Five Year Plan period was accompanied by a slow crawl in agricultural production of only about 3. 8 percent (Spence 574). Chairman Mao’s extremely sensitive political antennae were very alert in 1957, as the completion of a basic socialist system both confirmed his confidence in his own leadership and opened the question of what direction China’s socialist politics would take (Womack 24). He felt China had reached the next stage in its continuous and permanent revolution, one that could actualize traditional Marxist theory in a uniquely Chinese way. If China lacked the economic prerequisites that Marx had defined for a communist society, Mao had begun to believe that those same economic conditions could be brought into existence in the very process of striving to realize ultimate communist goals (Meisner 210). Thus, he became more and more frustrated with what he saw as a lagging process toward communism that was being prolonged unnecessarily. His feeling of urgency for China’s future was greatly intensified during a crucial visit to Moscow in November 1957. Conflict and competition between Mao and Khrushchev were becoming more and more apparent. Khrushchev had boasted that the Soviet Union would overtake the United States in the output of major products in fifteen years, and Mao reacted by committing China to a similar competition (MacFarquhar, Cheek, and Wu 14). Upon his return to China, he began paving the way for an immediate move from the moderate to the frenzied, focused on the setting of targets that were from the outset over-ambitious. These targets must be seen not only as an attempt at modernization, but also as a fusion of rapid economic growth and its fuel, consisting of equally rapid processes of radical social and ideological change (Meisner 204). The impetus was to pave a Chinese road to an eventual state of absolute communism that was ahead of the Soviet Union, in effect, to launch a Chinese â€Å"sputnik† (MacFarquhar, Cheek, and Wu 15). Mao had persuaded himself by now that this was a response to the spontaneous wishes of the people, to enlighten China’s countryside withindustrialization (de Bary and Lufrano 468). The new rhetoric that Mao embraced was manifested in the nature of emerging propaganda that was regretfully drowned in overemphasis and incoherence. Automatically, the scale of the ambitions was in stark contrast with the muddiness of the formulations (Domenach 167). The Anti-Rightist Campaign had by then already made people within and without the Party scared to report anything but good news, and the new plans for China grew more from ideology than from efficiency (MacFarquhar 332). A battle on many fronts began: to strengthen industry, revolutionize agriculture, and implement communes in the countryside; all factors involved perpetuating and sustaining each other. By the summer and fall of 1958, crucial policy decisions in the establishment of the communes were frenetically improvised on the spot by local leaders (Meisner 230). Mao had provided the spark that rapidly became a bonfire, engulfing the whole country in half-baked, misguided efforts to reshape the land as their own lives were reshaped by the communes. In a typical village, people would enter waving red flags, beating drums and gongs, and burning firecrackers, proclaiming the arrival of a new way of life (Leung 200-201). In Hebei, for example, the Provincial Committee of the Party boldly announced: â€Å"The great achievements of the overall leap forward have educated the masses and educated the cadres. People now unrestrictedly place confidence in the correctness of the leadership of the Party and fully realize the superiority of the socialist system and the great prowess of the working people in the conquest of nature† (Shi 278). However, reaction was mixed, and included a mad rush to slaughter draft animals so that they would not be confiscated by the new communes (MacFarquhar 328). In the spirit of â€Å"communization† (gongchan feng), many communes were actually set up in a threatening, predatory fashion beyond the original intent of the Party. Properties and even entire handicraft workshops were impounded by local Party members to be absorbed into the new communes, alienating people by the hasty and arbitrary seizure of private property (Zhang 64). Internal reports even indicate resistance of a violent nature, peasants reportedly beating up cadres and leaving the communes, taking both grain and animals with them (Becker 54). Radical transformation of the countryside included filling in lakes to create more fields for farming, the manual construction of huge dams and roads, and intensified mining (Bardeen 64). In addition, under direct guidelines issued from Mao himself, new and bizarre agricultural techniques were insisted upon in an eightfold strategy: the popularization of new breeds and seeds, close planting, deep plowing, increased fertilization, the innovation of farm tools, improved field management, pest control, and increased irrigation (Becker 70). Rural industry at this time was ushered in with a crazed steel-smelting campaign that, coupled with the vast array of constructions and earth-moving projects, totally diverted the peasant population (Clark 240). Able-bodied men and women worked around the clock fueling the inefficient furnaces that sprang up nationwide, consuming huge forest resources and every last scrap of metal or iron they could find (MacFarquhar 327). Meanwhile, much of the harvest was tragically wasted, left to rot out in the fields. At the same time, highly trained engineers and scientists all over China whose advice could have saved tremendous losses in human effort and natural resources were labeled â€Å"bourgeois experts† and imprisoned or sentenced to manual labor (Becker 63). Thus, as the Party ecstatically created thousands of new colleges, universities, and research institutes, an emphasis of political loyalty rather than competence was placed on the education of China’s countryside (Zhou 61). This loyalty entailed a firm belief in the millenarian proportion of the whole event and the easy abundance that will inevitably come from such toil. This happened in certain provinces more than others, as some regional leaders even went to the extreme of allowing people to eat as much as they could stand. In some communes, people were so relieved at the notion of free food that they consumed three months’ supply of grain in a mere two weeks (Yang 55). State policy began to become a victim of its own guaranteed success as local leaders fiercely competed with one another using unrealistic goals and falsified accomplishments (Womack 29). Central leadership caught on to this trend and was gravely concerned not just at the lies but the means used in preserving them. Even Mao was alarmed at the abundance of claims being made: â€Å"We must get rid of the empty reports and foolish boasting, we must not compete for reputation, but serve reality. Some of the targets are high, and no measures have been taken to implement them; that is not good† (Schram 106). Despite his alarm, however, the understanding among the Party members themselves that failure to respond to production imperatives could impact their own political future led to frenzied production of substandard, unusable products and outright lies about agricultural yields (MacFarquhar 248). Areas that had a greater density of party membership were more likely to stick to the letter of the central directives and were thus more moderate, while outlying areas, in their eagerness to demonstrate their loyalty to the Party, were more likely to overreact to central directives (Yang 245). As a result of these self-perpetuating claims that rang hollow with fantasy, the Party itself began to lose legitimacy (Shi 273). At the same time, those who knew the truth of communal mess halls beginning to shut down, Party cadres refusing to work, and other serious deteriorations of the fledgling system would not speak up (Becker 80). Direct challenge to the bogus claims being made and direct pronouncements of the truth were nothing short of political suicide. Meanwhile, the truth slipped out of reach for the entire Party. In early 1959, the State Statistical Bureau was dismantled and replaced by â€Å"good news reporting stations† (Clark 239). In the summer of 1959, well after the GLF had entered its crisis phase, Mao appeared critically under-informed in his dismissal of the possibility of disaster (Mosher 270). It was at a Party meeting in Lushan that Mao was first confronted with the festering and rapidly deteriorating problems of the communes and the utter disasters stemming from GLF policies (de Bary and Lufrano 470). Peng Dehuai, then the defense minister, delivered a letter to Mao that politely but unmistakably laid the blame where it ultimately belonged: with the Chairman (MacFarquhar 216). Peng had broken a cardinal rule in Chinese factional politics in revealing not only which â€Å"faction† he belonged to, but in taking the wrong side at a potential situation of struggle (Shi 283). This resulted in a savage attack launched by Mao that was compellingly mixed with hints of apology and self-criticism: â€Å"The chaos caused was on a grand scale and I take responsibility† (Schram 146). By that time, however, far away from the Party elite, the very structure of society was falling apart. Starvation was already progressing through the provinces as grain was being forcibly taken from the communes to, ironically enough, meet a raised quota of exports to the Soviet Union (Spence 583). The insanity of mind-boggling production goals persisted; coal production was to go from 30 million to 270 million tons, grain from 185 million to 525 million tons, and so on throughout the economy (Mosher 264). As fall arrived and Mao had settled his personal score with those who dared to doubt him, he issued the following order to all of the provincial Party Committees: â€Å"On the basis of your actual conditions, adopt all effective measures, squeeze out all of the labor force that can be squeezed out, strengthen the first line of agricultural production, and speedily change the grave situation of the present insufficiency of the labor force† (MacFarquhar 324). In actuality, Mao was simply reacting to provincial initiatives already taking place, including a similar survival policy that had been fully implemented for over three months (Yang 75). After a long winter, the spring of 1960 witnessed nature’s retaliation for the â€Å"war† that had been raged against her. A massive drought affected every province in China, bringing with it pests and diseases, while the worst typhoons in 50 years flooded twelve separate provinces (MacFarquhar 322). By the end of May, an undeniable indicator of widespread disaster came when the grain reserves in Beijing, Tianjin, and Shanghai became totally depleted (Becker 80). Mao was shocked by this and sank into a deep depression in which, according to his librarian, he sometimes sat for long periods of time, gazing at nothing in total silence (Yang 72). The Ministry of Public Security and the Ministry of Justice both released internal documents during the first part of 1960 that drew attention to the severity of the famine’s impact. Cases of 96,200 anti-communist activities and 5,700,000 cases of sabotage, assassination, theft, and plunder had been reported over the course of the twelve preceding months (Shi 280-281). Meanwhile, some thirty percent of all rural units in China had already adopted some form of household responsibility and production without central authorization (Yang 241). Moral alienation and corruption followed in the wake of the struggle for survival, as a fundamental change began to occur in the paradigm of China’s goals. Material survival was to come first before any notion of a socialist cause could be acknowledged. The legacy of this huge famine, in which up to 30 million Chinese had died, devastated agricultural growth for the following six years, finally beginning to recover in 1965 (Clark 244). The impact in areas of industry was similarly intense, as 100,000 enterprises were closed down between 1960 and 1965 so that over 20 million people could be withdrawn from the urban areas to help salvage something from the agricultural disaster and the stagnation that followed (MacFarquhar 330). In looking at the long-term consequences of the Great Leap Forward and its subsequent famine, a pattern can be seen that transcends all of the movements, campaigns, and other easily labeled events. A considerable amount of work done on the part of China scholars, especially since the Cultural Revolution, attributes major changes in state policy to the Party elites and the campaigns that they initiated (Perry 2). Despite this, in the case of modern reforms in China it can be said that Deng Xiaoping and his economic liberalization initiatives were not simply initiatives from higher-ups who decide the future of their country. These initiatives are at least partially reactions to pervasive patterns that already existed. It can be said that the national psyche of China was so deeply affected by this devastating event that it served as a psychological imperative for economic growth, regardless of the socialist aspect. Myths, formally held sacred, were permanently undermined, and the moral consensus of the socialist and communist systems was essentially destroyed. When the utopian aspirations of the GLF became seen as a field day for Party corruption, lies, and terrorism practiced on the people of the countryside, the gulf grew between the Party and the masses. This gulf has arguably remained wide since that time, and threatens to grow wider. Despite the fact that the communes were falling apart by 1961, they were not entirely dismantled until 1984 (Zhang 66). While unofficial change in China is often improvised, official change is often painfully slow. It was not until 1981 that the issues of the GLF were addressed formally by the Communist Party, in a resolution which stated: â€Å"Comrade Mao Zedong and many leading comrades, both at the center and in the localities, were impatient for quick results and overestimated the role of man’s subjective will and efforts† (Womack 26). Mao cannot be thoroughly demonized because of his delusions and the sufferings that they caused; but neither can an apologist stance be taken. In the same respect, the modern economic reforms in China are not simply consequences of a shifting influence in government policy-making, nor can they be fully attributed to the efforts of Deng Xiaoping and the official â€Å"Four Modernizations.   Ã‚   The consequences of the GLF and its immediate impact of famine extended into the realm of Chinese political action, which in a modern context is at least partially a reaction to what the Chinese people were already practicing. Forms of economic initiative and autonomy at the village level existed unofficially, years before they became a practice favored by the government. The main stance that emerges from a close examination of the GLF is an admiration for the resilience of a peasantry who are still striving for a better way of life.

Sylvia Plath Daddy Essay Example

Sylvia Plath Daddy Essay â€Å"Daddy† – Sylvia Plath (Poetry Analysis 1) Plath, best known for her confessional poetry is credited to have written the poem â€Å"Daddy† in the year, 1962. However, it was posthumously published in 1965. The use of explicit imagery throughout the poem reflects her style. Using the Holocaust as a metaphor, Plath gives the poem its much-intended nightmarish quality suggestive of her complex relationship with her father, Otto Plath. â€Å"Daddy† is almost potentially autobiographical in the sense that it provides a vivid, confessional representation of Plath’s mental illness. Plath seems to be using small details from her day-to-day life. These images and references may at first seem incomprehensible from a distance. However, gathering background information on Plath or a scholar providing an explanation in his footnotes help render these references as somewhat comprehensible. The poem deals with Plath’s over-attachment to her father and the unease and unhappiness it caused within her life. It seems Plath wanted the authoritative repression caused by her father’s overpowering presence yet his utter absence to be blatantly obvious to her audience. She compares her father to a black shoe she has been living inside of; a Nazi: comparing herself to a Jew therefore creating an oppressor-oppressed relationship between her father and herself in the poem; a swastika and finally a vampire of which there were two in her life; her father and her husband. The poem is also a manifestation of her apparent Electra complex. The lines, â€Å"I made a model of you, A man in black with a Meinkampf look† are in reference to her husband, Ted Hughes whom she may have been attracted to cause of his resemblance to her father. It is a deliberation on a paternal relationship that ended when Plath was a child. We will write a custom essay sample on Sylvia Plath Daddy specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Sylvia Plath Daddy specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Sylvia Plath Daddy specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The poem is almost a declaration of independence but having lived her entire life being unable to communicate her pain and anguish, the idea of finally being able to liberate herself from the sentiment and affirming that â€Å"I’m through† towards the end of the poem may have been too much to bear for her. The poem begins by imitating the structure of a nursery rhyme. The prosodic aspect of poetry sheds light on abstract thought and because the subject matter of the poem is so heavy, Plath may feel the need to begin the poem with a nursery rhyme like structure making it easier to grasp. This childlike intonation is emotionally distraughtful as the poem constantly shifts between the grotesque, the allusions and her fatal rage ultimately leading to the climax towards the end with Plath stating, â€Å"Daddy, daddy, you bastard, I’m through. † This is Plath’s attempt at changing her situation. The base skeleton of the poem is immersed within a four-stressed rhythm. This rhythmic structure is reduced in the line, â€Å"Ich, ich, ich, ich† that along with supporting the four-stress rhythm is also a â€Å"barb wire† of the language that cuts of her speech just like in Daddy’s in which ‘I’ is already phonetically present, struggling to be free. Thus, â€Å"Ich† is a foreign language word in which the consonants create a barricade that prevent the open vowel ‘I’ to be liberated. Also, when one listens carefully, the repeated usage of â€Å"Ich† four times makes it sound like speak which is illustrative of her means of expression in the poem. Plath is finally voicing the way she feels after a lifetime of repression. The poem uses a five-line stanza called a Quintain, which means that there is no set rhythmic structure. There is powerful imagery, symbolism and word play in the poem. However, it makes one wonder whether Plath intended to write about her father or whether her perception of him. By claiming that she lived within a black shoe, the idea that she has been encompassed within the colossal, watertight image of her father is demonstrated. It explains her posthumous relationship with him. Shoes are designed for comfort and protection and Plath’s father provided her neither of those two. She uses imagery to color the character of her father by associating it with black. The narrator also describes the oppressor-oppressed relationship through size. The father is presented as a bigger, titanic figure. He is depicted as a statue but one that stretches across the â€Å"freakish Atlantic†, meaning that it spans across the whole of United States. Plath thought of her father as a God-like figure, whose omnipresence diminished after his death. She calls him â€Å"a bag full of God† weakening his influence on her. The narrator compares her German father to a Nazi. She uses imagery to build this metaphor. The neat mustache is a subtle reference; almost an allusion to Hitler’s mustache and his bright blue Aryan eyes symbolized the representation of an idealized Nazi race. The transformation of her father from God to a Swastika as a symbol is an emblem of Nazism. This emblem is not just black but so black that it blots out the sky. This is a hyperbole. Further, stating that her husband has a â€Å"Meinkampf look† is another allusion to Hitler (Meinkampf was an autobiographical account by Hitler). This reflects her tendency to have the presence of her father in her life in some way or the other. Plath may consciously want to run from being victimized but she cannot help but be attracted to someone who resembles her father in some way or the other due to her Electra complex. Towards the end of the poem, she settles on calling the two most important men in her life vampires instead of Nazis. From being living epitomes of horror they go to being portrayed as undead horrors. The narrator accuses her husband of being a vampire that sucked on her blood for seven years (mostly the duration of the marriage) that is a striking description of the pain she must have undergone during this time. When Plath wrote this poem, she may have written with the intention that no matter what she wrote, her father would not be able to read it. Yet, she seems desperate to communicate something posthumously due to her inability to do so when he was alive. The title of the poem is an apostrophe; a figure of speech that she uses to directly address someone who is not present anymore. The playfulness of the title, â€Å"Daddy† is contrarily paired with the violent images of her father being characterized as a Nazi, a devil and a vampire. Daddy sounds like an affectionate name but the last line of the poem â€Å"Daddy, daddy, you bastard, I’m through† reveals Plath’s conflicted state of emotions between loving and hating the memory of her deceased father. She not only creates a figurative image of her father through the deft use of metaphors but also seeks to exact revenge on the man who scarred her childhood along with the man who ruined her for life. The poem is a constant struggle between her attempts at preserving their memory or at last letting it go and through that, thus, freeing herself. Although she is echoing her memories of victimization, she trivializes it by narrating it in a singsong nursery sounding rhyme. Nevertheless, this victory is only partial as is seen in the later events of her life. Plath committed suicide four months later.

China Trade essays

China Trade essays In 1980 neither citizens nor Chinese industry could afford most American imports, by 1985 there is evidence that the Chinese either have more money to spend or, have discovered new ways to acquire hard currency. In 1980 China remained helpless in its attempt to acquire American imports due to the lack of hard currency. China had found itself in a tough situation. According to Sheils, it wasnt just the citizens that couldnt afford a 60-cent Coke, cosmetics, or dietary supplements, but the larger industries, in addition to, that couldnt afford the equipment needed to improve their industries for export purposes (10-11). Although China had found itself in trouble, they were constantly thinking of ways to turn their situation around. By 1985 there was evidence that China was in the process of correcting what was a bad situation before. China was now expanding vertically, high-rises being put up everywhere with tall cranes swinging overhead (Altman 18). From a visual perspective China seemed to be getting its act together. According to Altman, business seemed to be booming. American technology was in demand and that meant that there had to be money to spend (18). Americans werent the only ones that saw this improvement. Japan, Chinas number one trading partner began teaching Mandarin, the Chinese national language, in an effort to produce more trade (Altman 18). For such a drastic improvement to have taken place in China money had to be the route of it. It was evident that money wasnt as scarce as it once was in China. China had found its way into the middle of things instead of just looking in. China started moving quickly to change the financial situation they encountered in 1980 by holding their first trade show in America (Sheils 10). Money was expected to pour in as the show made its way from San Francisco, Chicago and eventually New York. Altman explains, the Chinese had also...

Biography of Lord Byron, English Poet and Aristocrat

Biography of Lord Byron, English Poet and Aristocrat Lord Byron is considered to be one of the greatest British writers and poets of his time. He became a leader in the Romantic Period, alongside contemporaries like William Wordsworth, John Keats, and Percy Bysshe and Mary Shelley. Fast Facts: Lord Byron Occupation: English poet, romanticistBorn: 22 January 1788 in London, EnglandDied: 19 April 1824 in Missolonghi, Ottoman EmpireParents: Captain John â€Å"Mad Jack† Byron and Catherine GordonEducation: Trinity College, CambridgePublish Works: Hours of Idleness; Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage, She Walks in Beauty, Don JuanSpouse: Anne Isabella MilbankeChildren: Ada Lovelace and Allegra ByronFamous Quote: There is pleasure in the pathless woods, there is rapture in the lonely shore, there is society where none intrudes, by the deep sea, and music in its roar; I love not Man the less but Nature more. Lord Byron’s personal life was marked by tumultuous love affairs and inappropriate sexual relationships, unpaid debts, and illegitimate children. Lady Caroline Lamb, with whom Byron had an affair, famously labeled him â€Å"mad, bad, and dangerous to know.† He died in 1824 at the age of 36 from a fever he contracted during his travels in Greece. His most notable works include Don Juan, She Walks in Beauty, and Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage. Early Life Lord Byron was born in 1788 in London under the full name George Gordon Noel, sixth Baron Byron. He was raised in Aberdeen, Scotland, by his mother after his father fled the family and died in 1791 in France. Byron inherited his title at the age of 10, though he later adopted his mother-in-law’s family name, Noel, in order to inherit half of her estate. Imagno/Hulton Archive/Getty Images Byron’s mother was prone to mood swings and heavy drinking. Due to mistreatment by his mother coupled with a deformed foot and an uneven temper, Byron lacked discipline and structure in his formative years. He was educated at Harrow School in London, followed by Trinity College at Cambridge, though he spent most of his time at the latter engaging in sexual relationships and sporting activities. It was during this time that he began writing and publishing works.   Marriage, Affairs, and Children Lord Byron first showed his affections for a distant cousin who indulged him for a while before rejecting his affections. In subsequent years, Byron had promiscuous affairs with many women, including Lady Caroline Lamb, Lady Oxford, and his half-sister, Augusta Leigh, who later gave birth to a daughter widely considered to be Byron’s. Lord Byron married Anne Isabella Milbanke in January 1815, and the following year she gave birth to a daughter, Augusta Ada (later Ada Lovelace). Shortly after the birth of their daughter, Lord and Lady Byron separated, with Anne Isabella indicating the cause to be his incestual relations with his half-sister. During this time, Lord Byron developed a close relationship with Percy and Mary Shelley and Mary’s sister Claire Clairmont, who also had a daughter with Byron called Allegra.   Travels After completing his education at Cambridge, Lord Byron embarked on a two-year journey across Spain, Portugal, Malta, Albania, and Greece, from which he drew inspiration for Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage. After Byron finalized the separation from his wife, he left England permanently for Switzerland, where he spent time with the Shelleys. He went on to travel across Italy engaging in promiscuous affairs, writing and publishing work along the way. He spent six years in Italy, where he wrote and released Don Juan. Newstead Abbey, Nottinghamshire, 18th century. The abbey was formerly an Augustinian priory but was converted into a domestic home following the Dissolution of the Monasteries. It is the ancestral home of Lord Byron. Hulton Archive / Getty Images In 1823, Lord Byron was asked to assist in the Greek War of Independence from the Ottoman Empire. He sold his estate in England to raise money for the Greek cause, part of which he used to enable a fleet of ships to sail to Missolonghi, where he planned to help attack the Turks. Death While in Missolonghi, Lord Byron contracted a fever and died at the age of 36. His heart was removed and buried in Missolonghi, and his body was returned to England. His burial at Westminster Abbey was denied, so Byron was buried in his family tomb in Newstead. He was deeply mourned in England and in Greece.   Legacy After spurning his initial affections, Lady Caroline Lamb labeled Lord Byron â€Å"mad, bad, and dangerous to know,† a statement that stuck with him for life and beyond. Because of his generous financial support and acts of bravery in the Greek Wars of Independence, Lord Byron is widely considered to be a Greek national hero. However, his true legacy is the collection of work he left behind. Don Juan Don Juan is a satirical epic poem written by Lord Byron during the last years of his life. It is based on the legendary womanizer Don Juan, though Lord Byron reversed these character traits to make Don Juan easily susceptible to seduction. The poem is considered to be a reflection of Byron’s personal character and the disappointment with which he felt constantly burdened. Don Juan is comprised of 16 completed sections, called cantos and a final, 17th canto that remained unfinished at the time of Byron’s death in 1824. Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage Written and released between 1812 and 1818, Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage tells the story of a young man who travels the world to fill the void left by disillusionment and sadness he feels as a result of the revolutionary wars on the European continent. Much of the content in Childe is derived from Byron’s personal travels from Portugal to Constantinople. Sources Byron, George Gordon.  Don Juan. Pantianos Classics, 2016.Byron, George Gordon, and Jerome J. McGann.  Lord Byron, the Major Works. Oxford University Press, 2008.Eisler, Benita.  Byron: Child of Passion, Fool of Fame. Vintage Books, 2000.Galt, John.  The Life of Lord Byron. Kindle ed., 1832.MacCarthy, Fiona.  Byron: Life and Legend. John Murray, 2014.

Inclusion and Mainstreaming of Children with ADHD Essay

Inclusion and Mainstreaming of Children with ADHD - Essay Example The paper begins with an over-all discussion of ADHD and includes a review of the latest literature on the topic with an assessment of past empirical findings on the research topic under investigation. Part 1 provides a background, relevance, literature review, and the aims and objectives of the dissertation. Part 2 identifies the factors associated with how the researcher intends to approach this study, explaining methods of data collection and data analysis to be adopted. Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a condition characterized by hyperactivity, impulsiveness, and inattention that becomes apparent in some children in the pre-school and early school years. The general symptom is the inability to control behaviour and/or to pay attention. Research findings (Greenberg & Horn, 1991) estimated that in some countries like the United States, 3 to 5 percent of children have this condition, which means that in a normal classroom of 25 to 30 children, there would be at least one with ADHD. Although first described by Hoffman in 1845, Still (1902) was the first to describe the condition in a scientific paper and hypothesised the cause to be a genetic dysfunction and not poor child-rearing. Garber, Garber, & Spizman (1990) were the first to use the term ADHD for the condition. Hunsucker (1988) was the first to argue that if persons with ADHD were treated early, there would be a reduction in the juvenile and adult crime rates, school drop-out rates, and alcohol and drug abuse. ADHD is a treatable condition the sooner it is diagnosed and if children with ADHD are provided with special education. This is why there has been an increase through the years in the scientific literature on the topic, more specifically on the issue of mainstreaming and inclusion of children undergoing special education. Mainstreaming is the original term that describes placing children with disabilities in classrooms with non-handicapped children. In the early stages, special education children were placed in special classes and would join regular classroom settings during extra classes such as music and art. This term has evolved into "inclusion" which tries to place special education and disabled children in regular education classes as often as possible (York et al., 1992; Adamson et al., 1990; Cook & Friend, 1992; Conn, 1992; CEC, 1993; Friend & Cook, 1992; Giangreco et al., 1993). These papers argued for the main reasons behind the interest on this issue that have to do with the fact that the classroom and school environments provide an effective factor for early diagnosis, the

Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 6

Management - Essay Example C). Strategic decisions of an organization want to ensure its economic goals like profit maximization, volume, and the growth of organization. These decisions are largely influenced by their employees, customers and other stakeholders. Study of business ethics can be seen from different direction of business. Business Ethics relates to the need of ethical values in business decisions and plans. Ethics is also relevant in the context of corporate responsibility of an organization. Each organization has its own responsibilities to the society. Business ethics is a feeling of obligation to consider other human beings who are directly and indirectly involved in business activities. Business ethics also relates with good behavior of organization. Business ethics can also be deemed as an organization’s ability to ensure ethical value in its corporate decisions. The business strategy of each organization should depend on their ethical views; as such decisions affect various stakeholders. An organization’s responsibility to these stakeholders differs on the basis of its objectives. Example: An organization’s responsibility to its owner is making maximum profit and minimizing the cost. It further aims to ensure the growth and value of the business, the manager want to satisfy this responsibility at the same time they want to continue other responsibilities to the society, government, customer, employees etc. In this context all managers find themselves placed in a dilemma to take proper decision so that ethical decisions and corporate objectives stay in tandem with each other. This study aims to discuss about the problem of organizations’ social performance and economic performance. Economic performance is dealing with an organization’s main objective like making profit, generating revenue and reducing cost. On the other hand, the social performance of an organization pertains

Unintentional Findings :: essays research papers

Unintentional Findings EN 102 Honors February 12, 1997 One can find their place in society much the same way as Stephen did. Unintentionally he went back and forth between extremes until he found his own preference. Figuring out what one wants to do with their life can be confusing, especially since there are so many opportunities in the world, but giving each a chance and finding one that suits one's personality and attitude is the best thing to do.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many people think Stephen went from one extreme, wanting prostitutes, to another extreme, a life of celibacy as a priest, were done on purpose, on course to finding his own happy medium. The same people might also say Stephen purposely chose a happy medium as not to subject himself to either extreme; being in the middle lets him experience a little of both extremes.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Different people might say that his oblique search for his place in society was brought on from when he was very young with his artistic vision. He looked at things differently then others boys around him and he knew that. He always had extra questions about the simplest of matters and constantly thought about what was wrong and right and how it lead to double-standards. This is seen when he is asked if he kisses his mother at night. No matter what his answer is he still gets laughed at and this remains in thoughts for a while. His artistic vision can probably reflect his incessant habit of always having an opposing opinion to his schoolmates even if it was something small such as who he thought the greatest writer was.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In his school Stephen seemed to be told how he was supposed to think and do things and in turn saw his family unable to follow the strict Catholicism taught in his school. This guided him in his decision for his future plans since he felt he was isolated from others because of the way he thought and did things.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When looking at his decision for where he fit in society one should not ignore the fact that his family life had an impact on his choice. Had Stephen not been so sensitive it would not have bothered him so much how little he gained emotionally, intellectually, and spiritually from the Irish nationalism surrounding him and his religious background.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To begin his life as an artist, his final decision concerning his place in society he realizes he cannot stay in the environment where he is seen as

Financial Statement Analysis of Dutch Lady

I. INTRODUCTION Dutch Lady Milk Industries Berhad (â€Å"Dutch Lady Malaysia†), a company established in 1963, is currently leading in the business of quality branded dairy in Malaysia. The company, whose holding company is Royal FrieslandCampina–a Dutch multinational corporation, one of the largest milk companies in the world- was the first milk company in Malaysia to be listed on Bursa Malaysia, the local Stock Exchange in 1968.Being the leading producer and seller of quality dairy products and fruit juices for home and export market (such as Infant formula, many types of milks, yoghurt and fruit juice drinks), Dutch Lady Malaysia has a strong consumer following and represented by strong brands (such as Dutch Lady, Frisolac, Completa, Omela, Friso, and Joy). In addition, it was the first company in the world to introduce a growing up milk powder specifically formulated for children from ages one to three (known in Malaysia as Dutch Lady 123 and Dutch Lady 456) and is the largest purchaser of local fresh milk from the Veterinary Services Department.The company receives strong support from its holding company. It also believes in product innovation and commitment to its consumers, which lead it to a constant efforts to improve its processes in order to serve its customers with high quality nutritious products. The company gives prime considerations to Quality Control and Quality Assurance. It has continually received accreditation of ISO 9001 since 1995. In terms of food safety, it applies HACCP (Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point) System to all its plants.Meanwhile, for its Environmental Management System it has in place ISO 14001 and OHSAS 18001 (Occupational Health and Safety Assessment Series). The Company’s products are all halal-certified. With factory located in Petaling Jaya that employs 600 Malaysians, Dutch Lady Malaysia made an annual revenues of RM692 million in 2009. Currently, Dutch Lady Malaysia is leading in the market o f key milk categories such as UHT milk, Sterilised milk and Growing-Up milk. II. PERFORMANCE RATIOS II. 1. Liquidity Ratio Liquidity ratio refers to ability of company to meet its short term obligation. There are eight types of liquidity ratio: . | Working Capital Ratio = Current Assets – Current Liabilities| | 2009| 2010| 2011| | = 193,784 – 96,855= 96,929| = 234,244 – 106,261=127,983| = 324,466 – 135,309= 189,157| 2. | Current Ratio = Current AssetsCurrent Liabilities| | 2009| 2010| 2011| | = 193,78496,856=2 :1| = 234,244106,261 =2. 2 :1| = 324,466135,309 =2. 39 :1| 3. | Acid Test Ratio = Quick AssetsCurrent Liabilities| | 2009| 2010| 2011| | = 136,23296,855=1. 4 :1| =161,522106,261 =1. 52 :1| =230,978135,309 =1. 7 :1| 4. | Account Receivable Turnover = Sales on AccountAverage Accounts Receivable| | 2009| 2010| 2011| = 691,847(94,369+122,858)/2=6. 36 times| = 696,625(75,176 + 94,369)/2=8. 22 times| = 810,647(36,714 + 75,176)/2 =14. 56 times| 5. | Invent ory Turnover = Cost of Goods SoldAverage Inventory| | 2009| 2010| 2011| | = 462,510(57,552+74,902)/2= 6. 98 times| = 447,961(72,722+57,552)/2=6. 88 times| = 506,175(93,448+72,722)/2=6. 09 times| 6. | Days Sales Uncollected = Ending Accounts Receivable(Debtor Turnover Ratio) Net Sales| | 2009| 2010| 2011| | =94,369691,847 x 365=49. 7=50 days| =75,176696,625 x 365=39. 3=39 days| =36,714810,647 x 365=16. 5=16 days| 7. Days’ Sales in Inventory = Ending InventoryCost of Goods Sold| | 2009| 2010| 2011| | =57,552462,510 x 365=45 days| =72,722447,961 x 365=59 days| =93,448506,175 x 365=67 days| 8. | Total Assets Turnover = Net SalesAverage Total Assets| | =691,847(280,990+288,570)/2=2. 42 times| =696,625(307,490 +280,990)/2=2. 37 times| =810,647(398,514+307,490)/2=2. 30 times| The increasing amount of working capital shows that Dutch Lady Milk Industries Berhad is able to continue their operations and it has sufficient cash flow to satisfy both short term debt and upcoming expenses.D utch Lady Milk Industries Berhad experiences an increasing self-support through its growing current assets compared to its current liabilities. The current ratio and quick ratio of Dutch Lady Milk Industries Berhad is more than ideal ratio. The increasing percentage of both ratios is indicating Dutch Lady Milk Industries Berhad has the ability to pay its current obligations in time. From account receivable turnover, in 2011 shows that Dutch Lady Milk Industries Berhad converts 14. 56 times from account receivable into cash. In 2009 and 2010, the sales movement from account to cash is not quite good because above 12 times.However, as we can see from inventory turnover from 2009-2011, indicating that Dutch Lady Milk Industries Berhad inventory management techniques in 2010 and 2011 are less efficient as compared to that in 2009 because productions selling is less frequently and make the number of inventory increase. The decline in the total of days’ sales uncollected from 2009 to 2011 shows that Dutch Lady Milk Industries Berhad has an effective accounts payable procedures. It would benefit Dutch Lady Milk Industries Berhad because they would get cash faster from their customers.The days sales in inventory measures the liquidity of inventory, the operating cycle time for Dutch Lady Milk Industries Berhad in 2009 is shorter than 2010 and 2011, they only need 45 days, 22 days faster than in the 2011. Technically total asset turnover shows how many times company can generate revenue from every dollar asset that they have, it measures the efficiency of assets in producing sales. In 2009, Dutch Lady Milk Industries Berhad can use their assets efficiently compared to the year 2010 and 2011. II. 2. Solvency Ratio It measures the ability of firm to survive in the long run.There are 4 types of solvency ratio: 1. | Debt Ratio = Total Liabilities Total Assets| | 2009| 2010| 2011| | =101,005280,990x 100=35. 9 %| =110,018307,490x 100= 35. 7 %| =139,360398,514x 100=34. 9 %| 2. | Equity Ratio = Total Equity Total Assets| | 2009| 2010| 2011| | = 179,985280,990=64% | =197,472307,490=64. 2% | =259,154398,514=65% | 3. | Debt to Equity Ratio = Total LiabilitiesTotal Equity| | 2009| 2010| 2011| | =101,005179,985=56. 1%| =110,018197,472=55. 7%| =139,360259,154=53. 7%| 4. | Times Interest Earned = Net Income before Interest Expense and Income ExpenseInterest Expense | | 2009| 2010| 2011| = 82,031 1=82 times| = 89,2210=0 times| = 139,368 919=152 times| Based on the table above, Dutch Lady Milk Industries Berhad has favorable debt ratio. There is a decline of percentage from 35. 9% (2009) to 34. 9% (2011), indicating that they has a good strategy in reducing company’s assets that are contributed by creditors. Equity ratio shows that they have tendency to depend more on the owner for financing. Consequently, it is considered as a good result for the investors as long as the company earns good profits and maintains its performance.Debt to Equity Ratio has decreased from 56. 1% to 53. 7% in 2009 and 2011 respectively, which means that in 2011 for 1 RM of Dutch Company owned by the shareholders, they owe 53. 7 cent to creditors. This is a good indicator that the company is not facing a risky situation as its business does not rely the financing on debt. The investors, therefore, may find the company as a promising firm to invest. II. 3. Profitability Ratio It is used to assess a business’s ability to generate earnings as compared to its expenses and other relevant costs incurred during a specific period of time.There are 4 types of profitability ratios: 1. | Gross Profit Margin = Net Sales – Cost of Sales Net Sales| | 2009| 2010| 2011| | =691,847-462,510691,847= 33%| =710,588-447,961710,588=36%| =810,647-506,175810,647=37%| 2. | Operating Profit Margin = Net Income Net Sales| | 2009| 2010| 2011| | =82,031691,847=12%| =89,221710,588=12. 5%| =139,368810,647=17%| 3. | Return on Total Assets = Net IncomeAverage Total Asse ts| | 2009| 2010| 2011| | =60,400(280,990+288,570)/2=21. 21 %| =63,887(307,490+280,990)/2=21. 71 %| =108,082(398,514+307,490)/2=31. 1%| 4. | Return on Common Stockholders’ Equity = Net Income – Preferred DividendsAverage Common Stockholders’ Equity| | 2009| 2010| 2011| | =60,400-0(179,985+161,585)/2=35. 37 %| =63,887-0(197,472+179,985)/2 =33. 85 %| =63,887-0(197,472+197,472)/2 =32. 35 %| Based on the graph above, we can see the percentage of gross profit margin has been increasing over the last three years. It is a good sign for a company, as it is considered as a sign of healthy and growing company. Dutch Lady Milk Industries Berhad is able maintain their inflow and outflow.It is able to make a reasonable profit on sales by keeping its overhead costs in control. Operating profit margin ratio increases from 12% (2009) to 17% (2011), showing that Dutch Lady Milk Industries Berhad has a great management skill and operating efficiency. However, there is a decline i n the percentage of return on total assets from 21. 50% to 20. 78% in 2009 and 2010 respectively. This reveals that year 2010 is less profitable. Return on assets (RoA) declines from 21. 50% to 20. 78% in 2009 and 2010 respectively. This could be an indicator that Dutch Lady Milk Industries Berhad has spent much assets to do business.If they have to pay a lot in order to maintain these assets, it will decrease the RoA even lower since the maintenance costs will decrease their earnings. In 2011, however, we can see in the table that there is an increase to 27. 12%. This indicates that they required less assets on that year. A high or low RoE needs to be interpreted in the context of a company's debt-equity relationship. The rise percentage of RoE (Return on Equity) above RoA shows that Dutch Lady Milk Industries Berhad takes a financial leverage. In 2010, by taking on debt, Dutch Lady increased its asset than to the cash that came in.It may be sign that management is using leverage t o increase profits and profit margins. So, debt amplifies RoE in relation to ROA. II. 4. Market Prospect Ratio For Dutch Lady Milk Industries Berhad, the market prospects can be observed from Earnings per Share, Price-Earnings Ratio and Dividend Yield. 1. | Basic Earnings per Share (EPS) = Net Income – Preferred Dividends Weighted-Average Common Shares Outstanding| | 2009| 2010| 2011| | = 60,400,000-064,000,000= 99. 40 cent | = 63,887,000-064,000,000= 99. 80 cent | = 108,082,000-064,000,000= 168. 90 cent| 2. Diluted Earnings per Share| | 2009| 2010| 2011| | There were no diluted earnings per share for the company| There were no diluted earnings per share for the company| There were no diluted earnings per share for the company| 3. | Price-Earnings Ratio (PE) = Market Price per ShareEarnings per Share| | 2009| 2010| 2011| | = 1162 cent99. 40 cent= 11. 69 times| = 1754 cent99. 80 cent=17. 58 times| = 2340 cent168,90 cent=13. 85 times| 4. | Dividend Yield = Annual Dividends per ShareMarket Price per Share| | 2009| 2010| 2011| | = 65. 63 cent1162 cent=5. 65%| = 72. 50 cent1754 cent=4. 3%| = 72. 50 cent2340 cent=3. 1%| The improvement of basic EPS for Dutch Lady Milk Industries Berhad from 99. 40 cent in 2009 to 168. 90 cent in 2011 is an indication that the company can generate its share to gain better profit every year. Diluted earnings per share is illustrated the assumption of the worst case scenario, it means if the company announce any dilution it will decrease the equity position in every issuance of additional shares. Diluted earnings per share seen as a bad thing for the shareholders because it will reduce the amount of the basic EPS that belongs to their stock.Thus, no diluted EPS in Dutch Lady Milk Industries Berhad can be interpreted that there were no reduction of the basic earnings per share for every share issued. For Dutch Lady Milk Industries Berhad, the PE ratio from 2009 to 2010 is increasing because the market price per share in 2010 is h igher than that in 2009. Market price per share indicates how much the price that market stock is willing to pay or sell for the share. Therefore, when the market price is going up, it means that the stock is quite appreciated, more demand that is willing to buy rather than to sell. Whereas, PE ratio from 2010 to 2011 decreased from 17. 8 times to 13. 85 times because of the firm’s earnings per share rises. In this case, however, the investors who already had share in Dutch Lady Milk Industries Berhad are recommended to hold their stocks, because the market price tends to rise. For long-term outlook, keeping the shares is still better then selling them. However, PE ratio is not the only information to be considered in carrying out stocks investment. Thus, no diluted EPS in Dutch Lady Milk Industries Berhad can be interpreted that there were no reduction of the basic earnings per share for every share issued.The dividend yield by Dutch Lady Milk Industries Berhad is declining from 5. 65% in 2009 to 3. 1% in 2011, because the rise of its market stock price. If the dividend yield increases because the market stock price is fall, it will make investors unhappy. High yields can be a sign of an unsustainably high dividend. Some investors perceives that dividends are important and usually their interest is in receiving a steady return each year. The Dutch Lady stockholders seem to be less concerned with the dividends. For them, the important things are the stock price appreciation and capital gains.III. RECOMMENDATION 1. Improve a long operating cycle ratio. Dutch Lady Milk Industries Berhad should increase collection efforts on accounts receivable to ensure timely payment from customers, for example are frequent billing or increased collection calls and correspondence. They can decrease unused inventory by putting on sales or selling overstock products to resellers. Negotiate for more favorable payment terms with creditors to give the company more time to pay bills without incurring late payment penalties or additional interest. . Increase the liquidity of inventory Dutch Lady Milk Industries Berhad should evaluate their sales, because the operating cycle in inventory take longer time than the previous year. If the sales not improving and only in a steady condition, it will increase inventory, and occurs loss for the company, because their product will be expired. To solve this problem, they can expand to the new market/export, increase their sales with promotion and advertisement. Brand awareness is important to encourage customer buy the product.If they success improving the sales, the company not only will generate more profit but also have a less inventory. 3. Manage total asset turnover efficiently. The efficiency of total asset in producing sales decreased from 2009 to 2011. Dutch Lady Milk Industries Berhad should allocating their resource and update technology to maximize the utilization of asset. Furthermore, they also have the depreciation of current assets, before the book value of their current asset decreasing they can improve human resource/labor competencies to use the asset efficiently. 4. Improving the price earnings ratio.This ratio reflected confidence of the shareholders to buy and keep Dutch Lady stock, and will attract more big investors. If the company can maintain their supply towards the market demand in the stock market, and also maintain the earnings per share by increasing net income, it will increase the price earnings ratio. Because the higher price earnings ratio means the more opportunity for Dutch Lady to grow. This improvement can support point 2 of the recommendations, the more they can keep the big investors happy, the more opportunity Dutch Lady to expand the market. IV. CONCLUSIONSThe increasing amount of working capital shows that Dutch Lady Milk Industries Berhad is able to continue their operations and it has sufficient cash flow to satisfy both short term debt and upcoming expenses. The company does not seem to face any risk of being unable to meet its current obligation. However, Dutch Lady Milk Industries Berhad has problem in the management of inventory system, the production capacity is exceed than the ability to sell their product. Solvency ratio shows that Dutch Lady Milk Industries Berhad prefers to finance their business from owner’s equity instead of debt.This is a favorable condition for investors as their investments are not put in risky situation. This is also a favorable for creditors, as the company provides them with a safety and security by its ability to quarantee that it is able to pay off all the loans. Market prospect ratio is used to evaluate market growth of the company because this ratio estimates company’s prospect and risk in earning reinvestment and distribution to the shareholders. Dutch Lady Milk Industries Berhad can be a good target for big investors as it is able to improve their market share every year.Th e improvement of basic EPS for Dutch Lady Milk Industries Berhad reveals the company’s ability to generate its shares to gain better profit every year. In terms of performance in profitability, Dutch Lady Milk Industries Berhad has demonstrated good performance in profitability. The company has been able to improve its gross margin over the last three years as shown in graph above. The RoE tells common shareholders how effectively their money is being employed. ——————————————– [ 2 ]. Loth, R. Profitability indicator ratios: return on equity.Retrieved November 16, 2012, from http://www. investopedia. com/university/ratios/profitability-indicator/ratio4. asp#ixzz2CMaaeQwt [ 3 ]. Data obtained from Dutch Lady Milk Industries Berhad Annual Report 2009, 2010, and 2011. [ 4 ]. Draker, P. P. Financial Ratio Analysis. Retrieved November 11, 2012, from http://educ. jmu. edu/~drakep p/principles/module2/fin_rat. pd [ 5 ]. eHow. What Does the Dividend Yield Tell the Investors. Retrieved November 14, 2012, from http://www. ehow. com/facts_5192566_dividend-yield-tell-investor_. html

Giant Hyena - Facts and Figures

Name: Giant Hyena; also known as PachycrocutaHabitat: Plains of Africa and EurasiaHistorical Epoch: Late Pliocene-Pleistocene (3 million-500,000 years ago)Size and Weight: Up to three feet high at the shoulder and 400 poundsDiet: MeatDistinguishing Characteristics: Large size; short legs; powerful head and jaws About the Giant Hyena (Pachycrocuta) It seems that every animal on earth came in larger packages during the Pliocene and Pleistocene epochs, and the Giant Hyena (genus name Pachycrocuta) was no exception. This megafauna mammal was very similar to the modern spotted hyena, except that it was about three times the size (some individuals may have weighed as much as 400 pounds) and more stockily built, with comparatively shorter legs. Save for these crucial differences, however, the Giant Hyena pursued a recognizably hyena-like lifestyle, stealing freshly killed prey from other, presumably smaller, predators and only occasionally hunting for its food, when circumstances demanded. Tantalizingly, the fossils of some Pachycrocuta individuals have been discovered in the same Chinese caves as the modern human ancestor Homo erectus; however, its unknown if Homo erectus hunted the Giant Hyena, if the Giant Hyena hunted Homo erectus, or if these two populations merely occupied the same caves at different times! ​Ironically, given its massive size compared to its modern descendant, the Giant Hyena may well have been driven to extinction by the much smaller spotted hyena--which would have been ranged much more nimbly over the grasslands of Africa and Eurasia and been able to chase prey over longer distances (during times when freshly killed carcasses were thin on the ground). The spotted hyena was also better adapted for the conditions that prevailed at the end of the Pleistocene epoch, shortly after the last Ice Age, when most of the worlds giant mammals went extinct for lack of available food.